1. Make references in the text to simple chemical compounds by the use of formulas when these can be printed in single horizontal lines of type. Do not use two-dimensional formulas in running text. Prepare such structural formulas and complex mathematical equations in a form suitable for direct photographic reproduction and include them on a duplicate sheet at the end of the paper.

2. Ionic charge should be designated as a superscript following the chemical symbol, e. g. Mg²⁺, SO₄^2-. The notation Mg(Ⅱ) is also acceptable.

3. The symbol for an isotope of isotopically labeled compounds is shown in square brackets directly before the name, as in the examples shown below. For more detailed instructions consult the IUPAC-CNOC Recommendations on Isotopically Modified Compounds (1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 86, 9-25.

    Examples:

    [¹⁴C]urea, [α-¹⁴C]leucine

    DL-[methyl-¹⁴>C]methionine

    [¹³¹I]albumin

    ¹⁴CO₂, H₂¹⁸O, ²H₂O.

4. Abbreviations with specific meanings may be used for convenience in place of    complex chemical substances, particularly in equations, tables, or figures. Avoid    using abbreviations in titles and abstracts. Occasionally, abbreviations are useful    in avoiding excessively cumbersome expressions. Define such abbreviations when    first used.

5.  Use of non-standard abbreviations should be kept to a minimum. Spell out    non-standard abbreviations on their first appearance in the text. Abbreviations    used only in a table or figure may be defined in the legend. For some of the    most important biochemical reagents, coenzymes, etc., short abbreviations are    universally employed, e. g. ATP.

6.  Abbreviations of units of measurement and physical and chemical quantities are    listed below.