Manuscripts should not contain work that has been reported in large part in a published paper or is contained in another manuscript that has been submitted or accepted for publication elsewhere, in print or in electronic media. Preliminary reports such as abstracts or posters at professional meetings are not considered to be redundant or duplicate publications. The submission for publication should be approved by all authors.
Manuscripts may take the form of an article or minireview. Contributors will find information on the preparation and submission of manuscripts in these Instructions to Authors. These Instructions are arranged as follows:

1. General Information
2. Preparation of Manuscript
3. Preparation of Tables and Illustrations
4. Preparation of Supplementary Material
5. Chemical and Mathematical Usage, Abbreviations, and Symbols
6. Ethics


Manuscripts that fail to conform to these guidelines may be returned to authors for revision before review.

1. General Information

1. All manuscripts should be submitted to the BMB reports website at bmbreports.org. You will need to upload a single Microsoft Word .doc file of the text of the manuscript (including title, key words, abbreviations, main text, and references). Upload your figures separately as .png, .gif, or .jpeg files. Tables should be uploaded as .doc or .xls files.

2. The manuscript should be accompanied by a cover letter indicating the postal and e-mail addresses, telephone number, and facsimile number of the corresponding author. In addition, written proof that permission to cite personal communications and preprints has been granted should be included if required.

3. Manuscripts can be submitted as articles and minireviews.
Articles may be submitted on a broad range of subjects of general interest to scientists in the field of biochemistry, molecular biology, and biomedical science. The length of the manuscripts should not exceed 4300 words including a figure legend and references. There should be no more than four figures and tables total. Any figure larger than half a page will be counted as two figures.

4. Minireviews should cover an aspect of biochemistry, molecular biology, and biomedical science that are topical and novel at the time of submission. The majority of minireviews are commissioned. However, noncommissioned articles may be considered at the editors' discretion. All minireviews, whether commissioned or not, undergo regular peer review. Reviews are intended to be succinct discussions dealing with a particular question of current interest. Minireviews should not exceed 6,000 words in length and 3 figures and/or tables in display, must include abstracts of 200 words or less, and must have no more than 100 references.

5. If a contributor does not return the revised manuscript to the editor within six weeks after the request for revision, the contribution will be considered withdrawn.

6. If the author is not a native English speaker, the manuscript must be professionally edited. Manuscripts from Korean institutes will be sent out to a BMB Reports-designated English editing service, and the authors will be charged for the service. For other manuscripts, it will be editor's discretion to request English editing. Upon the request, the authors may delegate the editing process to BMB Reports editorial office and be charged for the service, or provide the revised manuscript along with a letter from a professional editing service certifying the editing.

7. If a manuscript is declined, the author has the right of appeal if it is believed that the editors have made an erroneous judgment. A letter should be sent to the Editor-in-Chief presenting the reasons why the editorial decision should be reconsidered.

8. Accepted manuscripts will be published with the implicit understanding that the authors will pay the costs of publication including page charges. Illustrations, photographs, electron micrographs, color plates and other special illustrations will be reproduced at the author's expense, at cost. Page proofs can only be altered to correct printer errors, except when the Editor allows the addition of a brief note added in the proofs at the author's expense. Page proofs that are corrected by authors should be returned to the Editor by a designated date. Otherwise, the Editor reserves the right of proofreading.

9. As a condition of publication, authors must transfer copyright, which shall be assigned to the editorial office of BMB Reports. All authors must sign a copyright transfer form, or the signing author must obtain permission from any co-authors.

 1.A desirable plan for the organization of a paper is the following: (a) Abstract, (b) Introduction (c) Results, (d) Discussion, (e) Materials and Methods, (f) Acknowledgments (g) References. In some cases, presentation will be clearer and more effective if the author combines some of these sections.

(ⅰ) The Title Page should include the following items:

a. The form of the paper (Article) and the field under which the paper is to be reviewed.
b. The title should be informative and as short as can be while still being clear. The numbering of parts in a series of papers is not permitted, but titles and subtitles may be used if necessary.
c. List full names of all authors. A footnote to an author, indicating a change of address, should be given on the title page using one of the following superscripts: 1, 2, 3. The asterisk symbol (＊) should be reserved for the author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
d. List the institutions in which the work was carried out. Identify the affiliations of all authors and their institutions, departments, or organizations by use of lower case superscript characters.
e. Provide a short running title of less than 50 characters.
f. The name, phone and fax number, complete postal and e-mail address of the person to whom correspondence should be sent.

(ⅱ) Every paper must begin with a brief abstract (up to 150 words) presenting the plan, procedures, and significant results of the investigation. The abstract should be intelligible to non-specialists in the field, and so should avoid specialized terms and abbreviations. On the abstract page authors should supply about five keywords descriptive of the research carried out.

(ⅲ) The Introduction should state the purpose of the investigation and its relation to other works in the same field, but should not include an extensive review of the literature.

( ⅳ ) Results may be presented in tables or figures, but many simple findings can be set forth directly in the text with no need for tables or figures. The Discussion should be concise and deal with the interpretation of the results. In some cases combining Results and Discussion into a single section may give a clearer, more compact presentation.

( ⅴ ) Materials and Methods should be brief, but adequate for repetition of the work by a qualified operator. Refer to previously published procedures employed in the work by citation of both the original description and pertinent published modifications. Do not include extensive write-ups unless they present substantially new modifications. Manufacturers cited in the text should be styled, for example, as Sigma Chemical Co.

( ⅵ ) References to the paper should be numbered in a consecutive series. The reference should be marked with Arabic numerals in text parenthesis in the body of the paper. Here is an example (3).

1. Mondal, R., Ganguly, T., Chanda, P. K., Bandhu, A., Jana, B., Sau, K., Lee, C. Y. and Sau, S. (2010) Stabilization of the primary sigma factor of Staphylococcus aureus by core RNA polymerase. BMB Rep. 43, 176-181.
2. Goldberg, A. L. and Gaff, S. A. (1986) The selective degradation of abnormalproteins in bacteria; in Maximizing Gene Expression (Reznikoff, W. and Gold, L., eds.), pp. 287-314, Butterworths, Burlington, U.S.A.
3. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. and Maniatis, T. (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, pp. 100-110, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, U.S.A.
   

You can download the EndNote output style for BMB reports by clicking the following icon. Download and save the file into your EndNote Styles folder on your computer. For example on Windows - C:\Program Files\Endnote X3\Styles or on Macs - Macintosh HD, Applications, EndNote X3, Styles.

3. Preparation of Tables and Illustrations

1. Tables should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals in order of appearance in the text. Crate each table double-spaced on a separate page with a short descriptive title typed directly above and with essential footnotes below. Footnotes to tables should be identified with italic superscript lower case characters (e.g., a, b, etc.), and placed at the bottom of the table.

2. Figures should be approximately the same size as you would like them to appear in print. Please prepare and save your figures as .png, .gif, or .jpeg files of at least 300 dpi.

3. Number figures consecutively with Arabic numerals. Please visit our web site at bmbreports.org for detailed instructions on preparing electronic graphics.

4. Preparation of Supplementary Material

1. BMB Reports now accepts electronic supplementary material to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer additional possibilities for publishing supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips, and more.

2. Supplementary files will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in BMB Reports web products. To ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please provide the data in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. Please note, however, that supplementary material will not appear in the printed journal. For more details, please see http://bmbreports.org

5. Chemical and Mathematical Usage, Abbreviations, and Symbols

Please visit our web site at bmbreports.org for detailed instructions.

6. Ethics

(i) The authors must state that the use of animals (including all mammals and birds) described in the manuscript was approved by the appropriate Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). In addition, it must be clearly stated that the animal use followed national or institutional guidelines. Copies of the protocol approved by the IACUC must be made available for review by the editor if and when deemed necessary.